Volume 1, Issue 1, August 2017

Cover Page

ARTICLES

The ek-static love. A feminine ethical perspective

Cristiana Cimino

    Cristiana Cimino is a psychiatrist and psychoanalyst with a Freudian and Lacanian training. She is Full Member of the Italian Psychoanalytic Society (IPA). She is member of Laboratorio dell’Istituto di Studi Filosofici. She has been co-editor of the European Journal of Psychoanalysis and is a member of the editorial board of Vestigia. She has long worked on the thought of the psychoanalyst Elvio Fachinelli. She has published several texts on specialized journals, in various languages. She is the author of Il discorso amorosoDall’amore della madre al godimento femminile (Roma, Manifestolibri, 2015). She practices in Rome.

Vestigia Volume 1, Issue 1, 2017, pages 3-10

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    The author questions herself on the possibility of establishing a love bond with an untamed Other, unassimilated to the subject. When Freud asked himself the famous question ‘What does a woman want?’ he was questioning himself on a possible alternative statute of the bond between human beings. His 1931 and 1932 essays are not only a subversion of Freudian coordinates, but also an aborted attempt to go beyond the ‘bedrock’ that delimitates the phallic universe, with every cure fated to break on the rocks of castration anguish. The primacy of the phallus Freud identified has its own laws that regulate psychism and to which subjects are actually incapable of submitting. This bold Freudian interrogative finds a solution in making a woman a mother, in replacing the supposed lack of the woman with a child. Femininity as such is rejected. The possibility of leaving the coordinates of the structure, beyond castration, introduces a new register and places the woman in the position of Other, bearer of all its disorienting unheimlich, power, engaging us in an encounter that takes place in the sign of contingency. Against the universality of the structure, we now have the event open to the unpredictable. The feminine position (independent of anatomical gender), Other compared to phallic mastery and having, opens the way to an ethics of exposition to the Other and to its foreignness, to the Other as stranger.

    L’auteur s’interroge sur la possibilité d’établir une relation amoureuse avec un Autre incontrôlable inassimilable au sujet. Quand Freud se posa la fameuse question ‘Que veut la femme?’ il s’interrogeait sur l’alternative du statut de la relation entre les êtres humains. Ses essais de 1931 et 1932 ne sont pas seulement une subversion des coordonnées précédentes de sa théorie, mais aussi une tentative avortée d’aller au-delà du roc qui délimitait l’univers phallique, avec chaque cure destinée à briser l’angoisse de castration. La primauté du phallus identifiée par  Freud, a ses propres lois qui régulent la psyché,  et à laquelle les sujets sont réellement incapables de se soumettre. Cette audacieuse interrogation freudienne trouve une solution dans la maternité, en remplaçant le manque supposé chez la femme par l’enfant. La féminité en tant que telle est rejetée. La possibilité de maintenir les coordonnées de la structure, introduit un nouveau registre et place la femme dans la position de l’Autre, porteur de toute sa désorientation, unheimlich, pouvoir, nous engageant dans une rencontre qui prend place sous le signe de la contingence. En contrepartie de l’universalité de la structure, nous voilà donc avec une ouverture à l’imprévisible. La position féminine (indépendante du genre anatomique), Autre comparé à la primauté et l’avoir phallique, ouvre la voie à une éthique de l’exposition à l’Autre et à son étrangeté, à  l’Autre comme étranger.

    L’Autrice si interroga sulla possibilità di fare un legame d’amore con un Altro non addomesticato, non assimilato al soggetto. Quando Freud si pone la nota domanda ‘che cosa vuole una donna?’ si interroga su un altro possibile statuto del legame tra gli esseri umani. I saggi del ‘31 e del ‘32 non costituiscono solo una sovversione delle coordinate freudiane, ma un tentativo, abortito, di andare oltre la ‘roccia dura’ che segna i confini dell’universo fallico. Ogni cura sarebbe infatti destinata a infrangersi contro lo scoglio dell’angoscia di castrazione. Quel primato del fallo individuato da Freud ha le sue leggi che regolano lo psichismo, alle quali i soggetti non sarebbero tuttavia realmente in grado di sottomettersi. L’audace interrogativo freudiano trova la sua soluzione nel fare di una donna una madre, nel sostituire la supposta mancanza della donna con un bambino. E’ la femminilità in quanto tale che viene rigettata. La possibilità di uscire dalle coordinate della struttura, oltre la castrazione, introduce un nuovo registro e colloca la donna nella posizione di Altro che è portatore di tutta la sua forza spaesante –unheimlich– e che impegna in un incontro che avviene all’insegna della contingenza. A fronte dell’universale della struttura, abbiamo l’evento aperto all’imprevedibile. La posizione femminile (che prescinde dal sesso anatomico), Altra rispetto alla padronanza e all’avere fallico inaugura un’etica di esposizione all’Altro e alla sua estraneità.

    La autora se cuestiona la posibilidad de establecer un vínculo de amor con un Otro indomable, no asimilado al sujeto. Cuando Freud se hizo la famosa pregunta ‘¿Qué quiere una mujer?’, Se estaba cuestionando una posible alternativa del vínculo entre los seres humanos. Sus ensayos de 1931 y 1932 no son sólo una subversión de las coordenadas freudianas, sino también un abortado intento de ir más allá del ‘lecho rocoso’ que delimita el universo fálico, con toda curación destinada a romper las rocas de la angustia de la castración. La primacía del falo que Freud identificó tiene sus propias leyes que regulan el psiquismo y a las que los sujetos son, de hecho, incapaces de someterse. Esta atrevida interrogación freudiana encuentra una solución en hacer de una mujer una madre, para sustituir  la supuesta falta de la mujer con un niño. La feminidad como tal es rechazada. La posibilidad de abandonar las coordenadas de la estructura, más allá de la castración, introduce un nuevo registro y sitúa a la mujer en la posición del Otro, portadora de todo su unheimlich desorientador, de poder, a trayéndonos a un  encuentro que tiene lugar en el signo de la contingencia. A cambio de la universalidad de la estructura, ahora tenemos el evento abierto a lo impredecible. La posición femenina (independiente del género anatómico), el Otro comparado con el dominio fálico, abre el camino a una exposición ética hacia el Otro y a su extrañeza, al Otro como extraño.


Love is…

R.D. Hinshelwood

    R.D. Hinshelwood is Emeritus Professor at the Centre for Psychoanalytic Studies, University of Essex, and previously Consultant Psychotherapist in the National Health Service, including a period as Director of the Cassel Hospital. He is a Fellow of the British Psychoanalytical Society, and of the Royal College of Psychiatrists. He is the author of several books on Kleinian psychoanalysis, and on the application of psychoanalytic ideas in the psychiatric services, as well a recent book on research in the clinical setting (Research on the Couch 2013), and on countertransference (Countertransference and Alive Moments 2016).

Vestigia Volume 1, Issue 1, 2017, pages 11-21

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    Psychoanalysis lacks a theory of affects which is generally accepted.  This is a reflective essay on affects from an object-relations point of view that stresses affects as oriented towards important ‘objects’, others.  I shall focus particularly on the interaction of unconscious narcissism between people in love, and the vicissitudes of those cycles of affects between them.

    La psychanalyse manque d’une théorie des affects faisant l’unanimité. Il s’agit, dans cet article, d’une réflexion sur les affects du point de vue de la relation d’objet, mettant l’accent sur leur orientation vers les objets importants, les autres. Je me concentrerai particulièrement sur l’interaction du narcissisme inconscient entre les amoureux et les vicissitudes des cycles d’affects dans leur relation.

    Il fatto che la psicoanalisi manchi di una teoria degli affetti è generalmente accettato. Questo saggio si occupa degli affetti dal punto di vista della teoria della relazione d’oggetto che vede gli affetti orientati verso ‘oggetti’ importanti, gli altri. Mi concentrerò soprattutto sull’interazione narcisistica inconscia tra persone innamorate, e sulle vicissitudini dei circuiti affettivi tra di  loro. 

    El psicoanálisis carece de una teoría de los afectos, generalmente aceptada. Este es un ensayo reflexivo sobre los afectos desde el punto de vista de las relaciones de objeto que enfatiza los afectos como orientados hacia ‘objetos’ importantes, los otros. Voy a concentrarme, particularmente, en la interacción del narcisismo inconsciente entre las personas enamoradas y las vicisitudes de esos ciclos de afectos entre ellos.

     


El amor en los tres registros

Maria Teresa Albarràn

    Maria Teresa Albarran is a Lacanian psychoanalyst working in private practice in Mexico. She also teaches at the ELEIA Institute.

Vestigia, Volume 1, Issue 1, 2017, Pages 22-39

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    Se ha dicho mucho sobre el amor por: filósofos, literatos, poetas, historiadores y sin embargo, el amor sigue siendo un enigma pues conserva algo de imposible de abordar. Es a la vez motor de la vida, pero también puede matar. Puede provocar un placer intenso y también un sufrimiento insoportable. En el campo de análisis mismo y desde la experiencia de Freud, aparece a la vez como obstáculo y como condición para la cura. Lacan también hace patente este carácter ambiguo y obscuro del amor a lo largo de sus seminarios. El amor es un señuelo dirá Lacan porque la cuestión de verdad estructural es que ‘No hay relación sexual’. Para entender esta enigmática afirmación de Lacan con relación al amor, enmarcaremos el tema en los tres registros de lo Imaginario, lo Simbólico y lo Real.

    Much has been said about love by philosophers, writers, poets and historians, and yet love remains an enigma since it retains something impossible to address. It is at the same time the motor of life, but it can also kill. It can cause intense pleasure and also unbearable suffering. In the field of analysis itself and from Freud’s experience, it appears at the same time as an obstacle and as a condition for the cure. Lacan also makes clear this ambiguous and obscure nature of love throughout his seminars. Love is a lure, Lacan says, because the question of structural truth is that ‘There is no sexual relationship.’ To understand this enigmatic statement of Lacan in relation to love, the author frame the discussion in relation to the three registers of the Imaginary, the Symbolic and the Real.

    Philosophes, écrivains, poètes, historiens, ont tellement dit sur l’amour. Mais il reste une énigme tant qu’il inclut quelque chose d’impossible à comprendre. Il est le moteur de la vie mais il peut aussi tuer. Il peut causer un intense plaisir, mais aussi une intolérable souffrance. Dans le champ de la psychanalyse, et à partir de l’expérience de Freud, il apparait tout a la fois comme un obstacle à la cure et une condition incontournable a sa conduite. Lacan confirme également, à travers ses Séminaires, la nature ambiguë et obscure de l’amour. L’amour est un leurre, dit-il, puisqu’en vérité ‘il n y a pas de relation sexuelle’. Pour comprendre cette assertion de Lacan à propos de l’amour, nous cernerons le thème dans les trois registres de l’Imaginaire, le Symbolique et le Réel.

    Molto è stato detto sull’amore da parte di filosofi, letterati, poeti, storici, e ancora l’amore resta un enigma, conservando qualcosa di impossibile da dire. Esso è al tempo stesso il motore della vita, ma può anche uccidere. Può causare intenso piacere e insostenibile sofferenza. In ambito analitico e in base all’esperienza freudiana, esso appare allo stesso tempo un ostacolo e una condizione per la cura. Anche Lacan, nei suoi seminari, sottolinea l’ambigua e oscura natura dell’amore. L’amore è un’esca, dice Lacan, perché la verità strutturale è che ‘Non c’è rapporto sessuale’. Per capire questa enigmatica affermazione lacaniana sull’amore, collocheremo il tema nella griglia dei tre registri dell’Immaginario, del Simbolico e del Reale.   


Antonello Correale

    Antonello Correale graduated in medicine, from the University of Rome ‘La Sapienza’, where he specialised in psychiatry. He subsequently attended the analytic training course at the Italian Psychoanalytic Society, of which he is presently an ordinary member.

    He is the former head of Area II of the Mental Health Department of Roma B ASL (the Italian National Health Service). He has written a number of works including Il campo istituzionale, Quale psicoanalisi per le psicosi? (edited with Luigi Rinaldi), Psicoanalisi e Psichiatria (edited with Giuseppe Berti Ceroni), Borderline with Alonzi, Carnevali, Di Giuseppe and Giochetti, and Il gruppo in psichiatria with Nicoletti. His last books are Area traumatica e campo istituzionale (Ed. Borla, 2006), and Il soggetto nascosto. Un approccio psicoanalitico alla clinica delle tossicodipendenze, with F. Cangiotti and A. Zoppi (2014).

Vestigia, Volume 1, Issue 1, 2017, Pages 40-62

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    In the following paper, we will deal with the main topic of how a subject with strong psychotic traits can live his love relationships. The basic issues are: how are these experiences felt? Are these experiences are for him or her a salvation or a terror? To treat this theme, it is necessary to further investigate what we mean by psychosis and to define it in a more accurate way; we will consider the interconnection between the phenomenological description and the psychoanalytical approach. The question which will guide us is: ‘How is it possible to accompany the psychotic patient toward love relationships which may be able to reconcile both the danger of disorientation and the deep aspiration for stability?’ Lastly, we will try to compare some experiences (disorientation and visionarity) that occurs both in some mystic and psychotic experiences. Doing so will help us to seize the differences that occur between psychosis and mysticism, but also to understand that in psychosis there is a strong mystic aspiration, which might be the psychotherapist’s task to enhance and guide.

    Dans cet article ,nous traiterons, en thème principal, de la manière dont un sujet, à forts traits psychotiques, peut vivre sa relation amoureuse . Les problèmes de base seraient : comment ressent il ces expériences? Sont elles pour lui ou pour elle , un salut ou une terreur ? 

    Pour traiter ce thème , il est nécessaire de pousser l investigation sur ce que nous entendons par psychose , et la définir avec plus de précision. Nous prendrons en considération l’intercommunication entre la description phénoménologique et l’ approche psychanalytique . La question qui nous guidera serait alors : comment est il possible d accompagner le patient psychotique vers les relations amoureuses qui peuvent comprendre à la fois le danger d ‘une désorientation et la profonde aspiration à la stabilité? Pour terminer , nous essaierons de comparer quelques expériences (désorientation et visionnisme) vécues par les mystiques et les psychotiques. Cela nous aidera à saisir les différences entre le mysticisme et la psychose, mais aussi de comprendre que dans la psychose, il y a une forte aspiration mystique, que la tâche du psychothérapeute serait d’appuyer et de guider. 

    In questo saggio avremo a che fare con il grande tema di come un soggetto con forti tratti psicotici può vivere le sue relazioni d’amore. Come sono vissute queste esperienze? Come salvezza o come terrore? Per affrontare questo tema è necessario indagare cosa intendiamo per psicosi e definirla in modo più accurato.; considereremo la relazione tra la descrizione fenomenologia e e la prospettiva psicoanalitica. La domanda che ci guida è: “Come si può accompagnare il paziente psicotico   attraverso relazioni d’amore che possano conciliare il rischio di disorientamento con la profonda aspirazione alla stabilità?”Infine, compareremo alcune esperienze (disorientamento e visionarity) che si verificano sia in alcune esperienze mistiche che nella psicosi. Questo ci aiuterà a cogliere le differenze che intercorrono tra psicosi e misticismo, ma anche a capire che nella psicosi è presente una forte aspirazione mistica che può essere per una guida per il terapeuta.  

    En el siguiente artículo trataremos el tema principal de cómo un sujeto con fuertes rasgos psicóticos puede vivir sus relaciones amorosas. Las cuestiones básicas son: ¿cómo son sentidas estas experiencias? ¿Son estas experiencias, para él o ella, una salvación o una pesadilla? Para tratar este tema, es necesario investigar más a fondo lo que entendemos por psicosis y definirla de una manera más precisa; Consideraremos la interconexión entre su descripción fenomenológica y su enfoque psicoanalítico. La pregunta que va a guiar es: «¿Cómo es posible acompañar al paciente psicótico hacia relaciones amorosas que pueden conciliar tanto el peligro de desorientación como la profunda aspiración por la estabilidad?» Por último, trataremos de comparar algunas de las experiencias (desorientación y visionaridad) que ocurren tanto en algunas experiencias místicas como psicóticas. Haciendo esto, nos ayudará a captar las diferencias que se producen entre la psicosis y el misticismo, pero también a entender que en la psicosis hay una fuerte aspiración mística, que podría ser la tarea del psicoterapeuta para mejorar y guiar.


Marco Francesconi e Daniela Scotto di Fasano

    Marco Francesconi is a neurologist, psychiatrist, and psychoanalyst member of IIPG; he teaches psychodynamic psychology at University of Pavia. He taught general psychology and psychoanalytic theory at AIPP in Milan. He is a trainer at the Psychotherapy School of IRG in Lugano. He has edited many books and written both for Italian and foreign journals.

    Daniela Scotto di Fasano is a full member of the Italian Psychoanalytic Society and of IPA; she was member of the editorial staff of Psiche and Spiweb.  She is a trainer at IRG in Lugano. She has edited many books and has written both for Italian and foreign journals.

Vestigia, Volume 1, Issue 1, 2017, Pages 63-79

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    Il lavoro intende sottolineare, mediante molti esempi tratti da opere poetiche e letterarie, come per soddisfare il desiderio di legami di amore e di amicizia e poter godere di essi, senza doverli eludere per evitarne l’inevitabile componente dolorosa, si debba aver sviluppato nel corso della crescita la capacità di sopportare il dolore. Tale capacità è a nostro parere connessa all’aver potuto sperimentare e quindi interiorizzare nel corso dello sviluppo una casa psicologica (Brenman), cioè delle relazioni capaci di dare senso alle più arcaiche esperienze di angoscia mettendole in parola. E’ inoltre nostra opinione che l’apparato strumentale su cui è fondato il setting psicoanalitico sia stato istituito da Freud proprio ricalcando (inconsapevolmente?) tali ineludibili caratteristiche di uno sviluppo umano sufficientemente sano.

    This work aims, through many examples from poetry and literary works, to highlight that in order to satisfy the desire for bonds of love and friendship, and to be able to enjoy them without having to dodge them, to avoid the inevitable painful, one must have developed the ability to endure suffering. The authors argue that this capacity is related to having been able to experience and then internalise during development a psychological home (Brenman), that is, the relationships that can give sense to the most archaic experiences of anguish. The instrumental apparatus on which this is founded is the psychoanalytic setting that was established by Freud precisely tracing (unwittingly?) those unavoidable characteristics of a sufficiently healthy human development.

    Ce travail vise, à travers plusieurs exemples d’œuvres poétiques et littéraires, de mettre en évidence que pour satisfaire le désir de liens d’amour et d’amitié, et pour être capable d’en jouir et non les éviter, pour faire l’économie du douloureux, on doit avoir développé la capacité d’endurer la souffrance. Les auteurs soutiennent que cette capacité est liée au fait d’avoir expérimenté et internalise, au cours de son développement, le foyer psychique (Brenman), à savoir, des relations et alliances qui peuvent donner sens aux expériences d’angoisse les plus archaïques. L’appareil instrumental sur lequel cela s’appuie est le dispositif analytique établi par Freud, traçant les incontournables caractéristiques d’un développement humain suffisamment sain. 

    Este trabajo pretende, mediante muchos ejemplos de obras poéticas y literarias, destacar que para satisfacer el deseo de lazos de amor y amistad, y ser capaz de disfrutarlos sin la necesidad de evadirlos, para evitar lo inevitablemente doloroso, uno debe haber desarrollado la capacidad de soportar el sufrimiento. Los autores argumentan que esta capacidad está relacionada con el haber podido experimentar e interiorizar durante el desarrollo un hogar psicológico (Brenman), es decir, las relaciones que pueden dar sentido a las más arcaicas experiencias de angustia. El aparato instrumental en el que se funda es el marco psicoanalítico que fue establecido por Freud precisamente trazando (involuntariamente?) aquellas características inevitables de un desarrollo humano suficientemente saludable.


Francesco Raparelli

    Francesco Raparelli earned a PhD in philosophy. He collaborates with the Rome University Roma Tre, and is among the founders of the Libera Università Metropolitana (LUM) at ESC Atelier (Rome), of which he is an activist. He has published: La lunghezza dell’Onda. Fine della sinistra e nuovi movimenti (2009) and Rivolta o barbarie. La democrazia del 99 per cento contro i signori della moneta (2012). He has edited Istituzione e differenza. Attualità di Ferdinand de Saussure (2014).

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Vestigia, Volume 1, Issue 1, 2017, Pages 80-87

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    Spinoza outlines two notions of friendship, one is negative, characterised by envy and jealousy, while the other is positive, it is an effect of freedom. Imagination prevails with the first; in the second desire is combined with reason. What passions, despite indicating our impotence, make the political institutions of freedom and the affirmation of friendship possible? Sympathy and indignation.

    Spinoza décrit deux types d’amitié. Une est négative, caractérisée par l’envie et la jalousie, alors que l’autre est positive, résultat de la liberté. L’imagination  prévaut dans la première; la seconde combine la raison avec le désir. Quelles passions, en dépit de révéler notre impuissance, rendent possibles les institutions politiques de la liberté et l’affirmation de l’amitié ? Sympathie et indignation.

    Spinoza individua due nozioni di amicizia, una negativa, caratterizzata da invidia e gelosia, l’altra positiva: essa è un effetto della libertà. Nella prima prevale l’immaginazione, nella seconda il desiderio si combina con la ragione. Quali passioni, nonostante esse segnalino la nostra impotenza, rendono possibili le istituzioni politiche di libertà e l’affermazione dell’amicizia? La simpatia e l’indignazione. 

    Spinoza esboza dos nociones de amistad, una es negativa, caracterizada por la envidia y los celos, mientras que la otra es positiva, un efecto de la libertad. La imaginación prevalece con la primera; En la segunda el deseo es combinado con la razón. ¿Qué pasiones, a pesar de indicar nuestra impotencia, hacen posibles las instituciones políticas de la libertad y la afirmación de la amistad? Simpatía e indignación.

    Palabras clave: sentimientos, conatus, ética, amistad, indignación, potentia, Spinoza, simpatía.

     

     

CONFERENCE PAPERS


Sergio Benvenuto

    Sergio Benvenuto is a former researcher in psychology and philosophy at the National Research Council (CNR) in Rome, Italy, and a psychoanalyst. He is editor of the European Journal of Psychoanalysis and member of the Editorial Board of Psychoanalytic Discourse (PSYAD). He teaches psychoanalysis at the International Institute of the Psychology in Kiev. He is a contributor to cultural and scientific journals such as Lettre Internationale, L’évolution psychiatrique, American Imago. His publications in English include: ‘Wittgenstein and Lacan Reading Freud’, http://www.journal-psychoanalysis.eu/wittgenstein-and-lacan-reading-freud1/; ‘Perversion and charity: an ethical approach’, in D. Nobus and L. Downing (eds.) Perversion. Psychoanalytic Perspectives/ Perspectives on Psychoanalysis (London: Karnac, 2006); with A. Molino In Freud’s Tracks (New York: Aronson, 2008) nominated for Gradiva Award; ‘The Monsters Next Door’ American Imago 69 (4), 2012; ‘The Gaze of the Blind. Notes on Cézanne and Cubism’ American Imago 70 (3), Fall 2013; ‘Does Perversion Need the Law?’ in W. Müller-Funk, I. Scholz-Strasser, H. Westerink (eds.) Psychoanalysis, Monotheism and Morality (Leuven: Leuven University Press, 2013); ‘Ethics, Wonder and Real in Wittgenstein’ in Y. Gustafsson, C. Kronqvist, H. Nykänen (eds.) Ethics and the Philosophy of Culture: Wittgensteinian Approaches (Cambridge Scholar Publishing, 2013); ‘Dying for a signifier’ DIVISION/Review, A Quarterly Psychoanalytic Forum 12, Summer 2015; and What are Perversions? (London: Karnac, 2016).

     

Vestigia, Volume 1, Issue 1, 2017, Pages 88-100

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MISCELLANEOUS


Dany Nobus

    Dany Nobus is Professor of Psychoanalytic Psychology at Brunel University London, and Chair of the Freud Museum London. He is the author, most recently, of The Law of Desire: On Lacan’s ‘Kant with Sade’ (Palgrave, 2017), and he has published numerous essays on the history, theory and practice of psychoanalysis in academic and professional journals.

Vestigia, Volume 1, Issue 1, 2017, Pages 101-117

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    Despite Freud’s insistent affirmation that the standard techniques of psychoanalysis cannot be used with psychotic patients owing to their fundamental inability to sustain an effective transference, many of his followers have attempted to develop a psychoanalytic approach to psychosis. Since the 1950s, most contributions to this field have emphasized either the emotional life of the patients or their relationship with language. In this paper, the antagonisms between these two axes, of emotion and language, are discussed via a comparison of Lacanian and modern-psychoanalytic theories of psychosis. Apart from the technical similarities between the two paradigms, the differences  between Lacanian and modern-psychoanalysis are explored at five distinct levels: 1.The definition of psychosis; 2. The definition of transference; 3. The conceptualisation of psychotic transference; 4. The analyst’s position in the treatment; 5. Psychoanalytic treatment goals.

    En dépit de  l’insistance réitérée de Freud sur l’affirmation que les techniques standards de la psychanalyse ne peuvent être utilisées avec les patients psychotiques, vu leur incapacité fondamentale à soutenir un transfert efficace,  nombre de ses disciples essayèrent de développer une approche psychanalytique des psychoses. Depuis 1950 la plupart des contributions dans ce domaine avaient insisté tantôt sur la vie émotionnelle de ces patients tantôt sur leur rapport au langage. Dans ce document les antagonismes entre ces deux axes, émotion et langage, sont discutés à travers la comparaison entre les théories Lacaniennes et contemporaines de la psychose. A part les similarités techniques entre les deux paradigmes, les différences entre les deux positions sont explorés à cinq niveaux différents: 1. Définition de la psychose; 2. Définition  du transfert; 3. Conceptualisation du transfert psychotique; 4. Position de l’analyste dans le traitement; 5. Objectifs du traitement psychanalytique.

    Nonostante l’insistente affermazione di Freud secondo cui la tecnica psicoanalitica standard non sarebbe applicabile ai pazienti psicotici a causa della loro incapacità di effettuare un vero e proprio transfert, molti dei suoi seguaci hanno tentato di applicare la psicoanalisi alla psicosi. Dal 1950 in poi la maggior parte dei contributi in questo ambito ha sottolineato o l’aspetto emozionale della vita dei pazienti psicotici, o il loro rapporto al linguaggio. Nel testo è affrontata la contrapposizione tra queste due direttive, emozionale e linguistica, attraverso una comparazione tra la psicoanalisi lacaniana e le moderne (contemporanee) teorie psicoanalitiche sulla psicosi. Date le similitudini tecniche tra i due paradigmi, le differenze tra il lacanismo e le moderne teorie psicoanalitiche vengono esplorate a cinque distinti livelli: 1. La definizione do psicosi; 2. La definizione di transfert; 3. La concettualizzazione del transfert psicotico; 4. La posizione dell’analista nel trattamento; 5. Gli obbiettivi del trattamento.

    A pesar de la insistente afirmación de Freud de que las técnicas estándar del psicoanálisis no pueden utilizarse con pacientes psicóticos debido a su incapacidad fundamental para sostener una transferencia efectiva, muchos de sus seguidores han intentado desarrollar un enfoque psicoanalítico de la psicosis. Desde la década de 1950, la mayoría de las contribuciones a este campo han enfatizado ya sea en la vida emocional de los pacientes o en su relación con el lenguaje. En este artículo, los antagonismos entre estos dos ejes, de emoción y lenguaje, son discutidos mediante la comparación de teorías lacanianas y teorías modernas psicoanalíticas de la psicosis. Aparte de las similitudes técnicas entre los dos paradigmas, las diferencias entre las teorías lacanianas y las del psicoanálisis moderno son exploradas en cinco niveles distintos: 1. La definición de la psicosis; 2. La definición de transferencia; 3. La conceptualización de la transferencia psicótica; 4. La posición del analista en el tratamiento; 5. Objetivos del tratamiento psicoanalítico.


Roger Kennedy

    Roger Kennedy is a Training Analyst and Past President of the British Psychoanalytical Society. He is a Child Psychiatrist and was Consultant at the Cassel Hospital for 30 years, and is now Chair of The Child and Family Practice, London. He has written many papers and several books. The most recent books include The Many Voices of Psychoanalysis (2007), Couch Tales (2009) and The Psychic Home (2014).

    .

Vestigia, Volume 1, Issue 1, 2017, Pages 118-142

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    The aim of this essay is to begin to explore, with the help of a psychoanalytic perspective, some of the ways one can understand how music affects us and what it is about music that has this capacity. Musical listening involves recognition of a complex pattern conveyed by the music, or surprise at a new pattern that emerges from the music, or the music may convey a sense of a journey, with the music taking the listener along. This parallels in some way the human subject’s psychic journey and may bring us into the psychoanalyst’s territory. Not only does music have the ability to reach right into the unconscious, but I would also suggest that music resonates at the unconscious level with what I have elsewhere (Kennedy, 2014) called a ‘psychic home’, the basis of our sense of identity and linked to notions of the human soul. The sense of home as the ground of our being, the place we need in order to feel secure, is fundamental. This may help to account for the powerful emotional effect of movements to and from a tonal centre, when we hear movements away from and back to a home key, in a kind of musical ‘journey’. The paper goes on to consider the nature of musical experience, early musical experience through mother and baby communicative musicality and vitality affects, and how the themes brought up can help us understand musical listening. Aaron Copland wrote that, ‘In a sense, the ideal listener is both inside and outside the music at the same time, judging it and enjoying it, wishing it would go one way and watching it go another… A subjective and objective attitude is implied in both creating and listening to music.’ This is very near to analytic listening, where we allow the experience of being with the patient to have an impact on us at various levels.

    Key words: music, psychoanalysis, psychic home, listening, tonality, entrainment.

     

    Le but de cet essai est d’initier, dans une perspective psychanalytique, l’exploration de certaines façons dont on peut comprendre comment la musique nous affecte, et qu est ce qui en elle a cette capacité de le faire. L’écoute musicale implique la reconnaissance d’un modèle complexe transmis par elle, ou la possibilité d’être surpris par un nouveau modèle qui en émerge. La musique peut aussi transmettre à celui qui l’écoute, l’impression d’un voyage par elle et avec elle. En mettant en parallèle le voyage musical et le voyage psychique intérieur du sujet humain, nous nous trouvons amenés sur le terrain même de la psychanalyse. Non seulement la musique a cette capacité d’atteindre directement l’inconscient, mais je voudrais suggérer aussi qu’elle résonne à un niveau inconscient que j’ai appelé ailleurs le ‘psychic home’, le ‘foyer psychique’, la base de notre sens de l’identité, lié aux notions de l’âme humaine. Le sens du foyer psychique comme terrain de notre existence, la place dont nous avons besoin pour nous sentir en sécurité, est fondamental. Cela peut aider à expliquer le puissant effet émotionnel des mouvements à destination et en provenance d’un centre tonal, quand nous entendons des mouvements s’éloignant ou s’approchant d’une clé d’accueil, dans une sorte de voyage musical. L’article se lance à considérer la nature de l’expérience musicale à partir de l’expérience première de communication mère-bébé, dans sa musicalité, tout chargée d’affects vitaux; et comment les thèmes abordés peuvent nous aider à comprendre l’écoute musicale. Aaron Copland écrit: ‘dans un sens, l’auditeur idéal est en même temps à l’intérieur et à l’extérieur de la musique, la jugeant et en jouissant à la fois, la souhaitant aller dans un sens et l observant aller dans l’autre. ‘Une position à la fois subjective et objective reste implicitement également  présente dans la création et  l’écoute de la musique’.  Cela est très proche de l’écoute analytique où nous permettons que l’expérience d’être avec le patient ait sur nous un impact à différents niveaux.

    Mots cles: musique, psychanalyse, foyer psychique, écoute, tonalité, entrainement.

    Lo scopo di questo saggio è quello di iniziare ad esplorare, con l’ausilio della prospettiva psicoanalitica, i modi attraverso i quali la musica ha un effetto su di noi e i motivi per cui ha questa capacità. L’ascolto della musica implica il riconoscimento di un pattern complesso sollecitato dalla musica o la sorpresa per un nuovo pattern che emerge grazie alla musica stessa, o ancora, la musica può trasmettere un senso di viaggio in cui l’ascoltatore è trascinato. Ciò può essere paragonato al viaggio psichico del soggetto umano e ci introduce ai territori della psicoanalisi. Non solo la musica ha la capacità di andare direttamente all’inconscio, ma vorrei anche suggerire che essa risuona a un livello inconscio che altrove (Kennedy 2014) ho chiamato ‘casa psichica’, ossia la base del nostro senso di identità, qualcosa che ha a che fare con l’animo umano. Il sentimento di domesticità alla base dell’essere, il luogo di cui abbiamo bisogno per sentirci sicuri, è fondamentale. Ciò può rendere conto del potente effetto emozionale dei movimenti da e verso un centro tonale, se li pensiamo come un ascolto dei movimenti da e verso un accesso alla ‘casa’, come una sorta di ‘viaggio’ musicale. ‘Il testo procede esaminando la natura dell’ascolto musicale, considerando le precoci esperienze che intercorrono tra madre e bambino come comunicazioni affettive musicali e vitali. Aaron Copland ha scritto che ‘in un certo senso l’ascoltatore ideale è al tempo stesso fuori e dentro la musica, la giudica e ne trae piacere, desidera che vada in un verso e la osserva andare in un altro…un’attitudine soggettiva e oggettiva è implicata sia nella creazione che nell’ascolto musicale’. Ciò è molto vicino all’ascolto psicoanalitico, nell’ambito del quale lasciamo che l’esperienza di essere con il paziente abbia su di noi un impatto a diversi livelli.

    Parole chiave: Musica, psicoanalisi, casa psichica, ascolto, tonalità, entrainment.

     

    El objetivo de este ensayo es el de comenzar a explorar, con la ayuda de una perspectiva psicoanalítica, alguna de las formas en que uno puede entender como la música nos afecta y que tiene la música que contiene esta capacidad. La escucha musical,  implica el reconocimiento de un patrón complejo transmitido por la música, o sorpresa ante un nuevo patrón que emerge de la música, o la música puede transmitir la sensación de un viaje con la música tomando al oyente consigo. Esto equipara, en cierto modo, a un paralelismo con el viaje psíquico del sujeto y podría llevarnos al del territorio psicoanalista. La música no solo tiene la capacidad de llegar directamente al inconsciente, sino que también sugeriría que la música resuena a nivel inconsciente con lo que tengo en otras partes (Kennedy, 2014) denominado ‘hogar psíquico’, la base de nuestro sentido de identidad que esta vinculada a las nociones del alma humana. La sensación de hogar como el fundamento de nuestro ser, el lugar que necesitamos para sentirnos seguros, es fundamental. Esto podría ayudar a explicar el poderoso efecto emocional de melodías hacía y desde un centro tonal, cuando escuchamos melodías que alejan y acercan a una nota hogar, en una suerte de ‘viaje’ musical. El documento continúa considerando la naturaleza de la experiencia musical, experiencia musical temprana y las emociones que emergen en la viva comunicación musical a través de la madre y del bebe, y como los temas mencionados pueden ayudarnos a comprender la escucha musical. Aaron Copland escribió que, ‘en cierto sentido, el oyente ideal se sitúa dentro y fuera de la música al mismo tiempo, juzgándola y disfrutándola, deseando que siga una dirección pero viéndola pasar a otra… Una actitud subjetiva y objetiva es implícita tanto en la creación como en la escucha musical’. Esto esta muy cerca de la escucha analítica, donde permitimos que la experiencia de estar con el paciente tenga un impacto en nosotros en diversos niveles.

    Palabras clave: música, psicoanálisis, casa psíquica, escucha, tonalidad, arrastre.

     

NOTES & STUDIES


Ioanna Tzanakaki

    Ioanna Tzanakaki is a Greek clinical counsellor and performer living in Finland. She studied psychology and psychotherapy, in addition to opera and conducting. She worked for 18 years as a civil servant, and taught music and Greek in public schools in Greece and Finland, while at the same time working as a counsellor. Her operatic and performing career includes collaborations with a number of well-known directors, composers, musicians, actors and performers, in theatres across Europe.

Vestigia, Volume 1, Issue 1, 2017, Pages 143-148

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    There is no abstract for this article.


John Gale

    John Gale is the founder and president of INPP. He worked for over 25 years in the field of therapeutic communities specialising in the psychotherapy of the psychoses. He has edited a number of books and published papers in various academic journals. His interests span philosophy, psychoanalysis and spirituality, and the main references in his work include the notions of language, silence, tradition, absence, mysticism, madness, and dwelling. Foremost literary references in his work are to Stoic and Neoplatonic writers and texts from Late Antiquity – e.g. Clement of Alexandria, the Apophthegmata Patrum, Evagrius Ponticus, Augustine – and the work of Heidegger, Wittgenstein, Michel Foucault, Michel de Certeau, and the psychoanalytic theory of Jacques Lacan.

Vestigia, Volume 1, Issue 1, 2017, Pages 149-163

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REVIEWS


Desirèe Iurilli

Vestigia, Volume 1, Issue 1, 2017, Pages 164-166

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Freud Along the Ganges: Psychoanalytic Reflections on the People and Culture of India. Edited by Salman Akhtar.

Shama Parkhe

Vestigia, Volume 1, Issue 1, 2017, Pages 167-169

Il sintomo di Lacan. Dieci incontri con il reale. Alex Pagliardini.

Luisa Maria Sguazzi

Vestigia, Volume 1, Issue 1, 2017, Pages 170-171

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The Triumph of Religion preceded by Discourse to Catholics by Jacques Lacan, (trans.) Bruce Fink

John Gale

    John Gale is the founder and president of INPP. He worked for over 25 years in the field of therapeutic communities specialising in the psychotherapy of the psychoses. He has edited a number of books and published papers in various academic journals. His interests span philosophy, psychoanalysis and spirituality, and the main references in his work include the notions of language, silence, tradition, absence, mysticism, madness, and dwelling. Foremost literary references in his work are to Stoic and Neoplatonic writers and texts from Late Antiquity – e.g. Clement of Alexandria, the Apophthegmata Patrum, Evagrius Ponticus, Augustine – and the work of Heidegger, Wittgenstein, Michel Foucault, Michel de Certeau, and the psychoanalytic theory of Jacques Lacan.

Vestigia, Volume 1, Issue 1, 2017, Page 172-174

BULLETIN


Bulletin of Psychoanalytic Studies

Vestigia, Volume 1, Issue 1, 2017, Pages 175-210